The Scale-Up Problem: Additional Resources

These references supplement the Knowledge Base Essay, The Scale-Up Problem.

Additional Explanations of the Underlying Concepts:

Online (Web) Sources

Citizen Participation in Social Policy.
Available at: http://www.ids.ac.uk/ids/particip/research/socpol.html  [Backup Link]
This webpage provides information on how to provide opportunities to have voices of marginalized groups of people heard. It has several links to articles that discuss ways to increase public participation.

Constituent Communication Problems.
Available at: http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/problem/constcom.htm  [Backup Link]
When dialogue or negotiation occurs among a small group of people, they may develop communication skills and a level of interpersonal understanding that is not shared by others outside the immediate circle. If these small group processes are intended to have a wider effect, it is necessary to transfer the learning that takes place in the small group to the larger constituencies which the group represents. Often, however, communication between the small group members and their constituents is not adequate to expand the learning beyond the immediate circle of participants.

Constituent Involvement Strategies.
Available at: http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/treatment/coninvol.htm  [Backup Link]
As a negotiation proceeds, constituent involvement strategies help negotiators involve their constituents in the process. This is critical, since constituents are less likely to accept an agreement that is obtained if they have not be involved in the process enough to understand why the agreement was designed as it was (especially why certain compromises were made) and why it is the best alternative available.

Public Participation Mechanisms.
Available at: http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/treatment/ppatic.htm  [Backup Link]
In cases where large groups or entire communities are involved in a dispute, public participation mechanisms can provide a means for large numbers of people to play a significant role in addressing the issue. Such mechanisms include, for example, public hearings, opinion polls, focus groups, and advisory committees.

Francis, Diana. "Conflict Transformation: From Violence to Politics." CCTS Newsletter, Number 9, Summer 2000 , 2000
Available at: http://www.c-r.org/ccts/ccts9/vipolint.htm  [Backup Link]

This is a paper written for a series of seminars designed to explore what is necessary to move from violent conflict to something which might be described as peace.

Glaser, Tanya. "Constituencies and Public Information -- Summary." University of Colorado Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado Conflict Research Consortium, 1900.
Available at: http://www.beyondintractability.org/booksummary/10096/.

This is a summary of Constituencies and Public Information by Susan Carpenter and W.J.D. Kennedy. Carpenter and Kennedy discuss the importance of building constituency support and informing the public to the successful management of public disputes. The authors use the case of the Water Roundtable to illustrate their findings.

Constituent Communication. University of Colorado: Conflict Research Consortium.
Available at: http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/treatment/constcom.htm  [Backup Link]
This page outlines the concept of constituent communication and explains how these techniques enable a group's negotiators to convey information obtained through their small group negotiation or communication efforts to the larger group of constituents.

Constituent Involvement Strategies. University of Colorado: Conflict Research Consortium.
Available at: http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/treatment/coninvol.htm  [Backup Link]
This page outlines constituent involvement strategies, or what may be referred to as scaling-up processes, in negotiation processes.

Scale-Up Problem.
Available at: http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/problem/scaleup.htm  [Backup Link]
Typically efforts to transform intractable relationships and negotiate dispute settlements take place in carefully facilitated small-group settings. However, these conflicts generally involve large segments of the population-- far more people than could ever be involved in such small group processes. This means that participants in small group processes must be able to "scale-up" their experiences or risk being rejected by their constituents.

Prieto, Lyndee. "Time to Do our Peace Homework." , 1900
Available at: http://earthmusic.mindanaoculture.com/literature/literature.htm  [Backup Link]

The author discusses the importance of cooperation and coordination among various stakeholders and maintains that culture and the arts can play a key role in fostering a more tolerant, more peaceful society. A culture of peace, grounded in network of new ideas, interests and traditions, crucial for peacebuilding.

Offline (Print) Sources

Predergast, John and Emily Plumb. "Building Local Capacity: From Implementation to Peacebuilding." In Ending Civil Wars: The Implementation of Peace Agreements. Edited by Stedman, Stephen John and Donald S. Rothchild, eds. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002.

Carpenter, Susan L. and W.J.D. Kennedy. Constituencies and Public Information. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass, 1988.
"Carpenter and Kennedy discuss the importance of building constituency support and informing the public to the successful management of public disputes. The authors use the case of the Water Roundtable to illustrate their findings."- Tanya Glaser, reviewer Primary Link [Backup Link]

Crocker, Chester A., Fen Osler Hampson and Pamela Aall. "Taming Intractable Conflicts: Mediation in the Hardest Cases." , 2004.

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