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Latent Conflict Stage: Additional Resources
These references supplement the Knowledge Base Essay, Latent Conflict Stage.
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Additional Explanations of the Underlying Concepts:
Online (Web) Sources
Stages of Conflict and Peace with Corresponding Policy Tools: Situation 2: Unstable Peace. Available at: Primary Link [Backup Link] This is the description of the second stage of conflict, unstable peace. It includes topics such as the environment for interventions, timeframe for action, and primary objectives. Also included are illustrative policy tools during unstable peace. Rummel, R. J. Understanding Conflict and War (Vol. 4): War, Power, Peace, Chapter 10: Latent International Conflict. Available at: http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/WPP.CHAP10.HTM [Backup Link] "Interaction between international actors is a process of balancing and balance, of disorder and order, of conflict and cooperation. Expectations are disrupted, overt conflict breaks out, new expectations are reformed, peace and cooperation ensue. This process is continuous. Although structures of expectations may be stable for generations, interests shift, capabilities wither or increase, will becomes emboldened or timid, and expectations once aligned with interests, capabilities, and will, have only habit and inertia to withstand opposing forces. Only a trigger is needed to break up the old, initiate a new balancing, bring about a new structure of expectations. Such is an aspect, a turn on the conflict helix. Change is the constant of life."
Offline (Print) Sources
Kriesberg, Louis. Constructive Conflicts: From Escalation to Resolution, 2nd Edition. New York: Rowman and Littlefield, November 2002. This volume discusses the catalysts and phases of conflict as well as the processes of conflict resolution. It identifies the complexities of constructive conflicts and outlines case studies of intractable conflict moving towards resolution.
Examples Illustrating this Topic:
Online (Web) Sources
Ethnic Serbs in Macedonia, 1991-1999: From Unstable Peace to Uneasy Settlements. Available at: Primary Link [Backup Link] This essay gives details about the history of Macedonia, and describes the unstable peace that resulted since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Exiting the Communist Brotherhood: Ethnic Kin-Group Conflicts in Transitioning Southeast Europe States. Available at: Primary Link [Backup Link] This essay briefly describes the history of Eastern Europe, and details the specifics of the Hungary conflict, stage by stage. Indurthy, Rathnam. "Kashmir Between India and Pakistan: An Intractable Conflict, 1947 to Present." , 2003 Available at: Primary Link [Backup Link] This case study describes the different stages of the Kashmir conflict from emergence, to stalemate, to failed peace, to escalation. Lund, Michael. Kosovo Chronology. Conflict Early Warning Systems (CEWS). Available at: http://www.usc.edu/dept/LAS/ir/cews/database/Kosovo/kosovo.pdf [Backup Link] This essay chronicles the Kosovo conflict. It gives a history of the area beginning with WWI and ending in March of 1999. The essay focuses on the 1980s and 1990s when Kosovo went from a period of unstable peace, to crisis and resolution. Lewis, David. "Uzbekistan: Authoritarianism and Conflict." , 2002 Available at: Primary Link [Backup Link] This article profiles the shaky state of Uzbekistan, describing its authoritarian regime and the reasons why its methods are a threat to the security of central Asia.
Audiovisual Materials on this Topic:
Offline (Print) Sources
Prelude to Kosovo: War and Peace in Bosnia and Croatia. Directed and/or Produced by: Michalczyk, John. 1999. This documentary film was shot just prior to the Kosovo crisis. It blends interviews from religious and political leaders in Serbia, Bosnia, and Croatia with intense images of events occurring in the Balkan region. Primary Link [Backup Link]
Teaching Materials on this Topic:
Online (Web) Sources
Noll, Douglas E. "Conflict Escalation: A Five Phase Model." , November 2000 Available at: http://www.mediate.com/articles/noll2.cfm [Backup Link] The author lists five phases of conflict escalation, and argues that as conflicts escalate through various stages, the parties show behaviors indicating movement backward through their stages of emotional development. |
