Beyond Intractability: A Free Knowledge Base on More Constructive Approaches to Destructive Conflict

Beyond Intractability Encyclopedia

A B C D E F G H I J L M N O P R S T U V W Z

A
Action Evaluation
Action-Forcing Mechanisms
Activism
Addressing Injustice
Addressing Underlying Causes of Conflict
Adjudication
Aggression
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
Amnesty
Anger
Apology and Forgiveness
Arbitration
Arbitrators
Arms Control and Non-Proliferation
Arms Embargo
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B
Benefits of Conflict
Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA)
Bridge Builders
Buffer Zones
Bystanders
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C
Capacity Building
Caucus
Ceasefire
Challenges and Strategies for Democratic Participation
Channels of Communication
Characteristics of Intractable Conflicts
Civic Education
Civil Society
Coalition Building
Codes of Conduct for Intervenors
Coercive Power
Coexistence
Cognitive Dissonance
Communicating Facts
Communication Tools for Understanding Cultural Differences
Compensation and Reparations
Competitive and Cooperative Approaches to Conflict
Complex Adaptive Systems
Complexity
Compromise
Confidence-Building Measures
Conflict Assessment
Conflict Emergence Stage
Conflict Mapping
Conflict Profiteers
Conflict Stages
Conflict Transformation
Conflict Transformation Training as Intervention
Conflicts and Disputes
Consensus Building
Constructive Escalation
Convening Processes
Conversation as a Tool of Conflict Transformation
Cooling Off Periods
Costing
Costs and Benefits of Intractable Conflict
Costs of Intractable Conflict
Countering Intractability
Creating Safe Spaces for Communication
Creating and Claiming Value
Cross-Cultural Communication
Cultural and Worldview Frames
Cultural and Worldview Frames
Culture and Conflict
Culture-Based Negotiation Styles
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D
Damaged or Destroyed Relationships
De-escalating Gestures
De-escalation Stage
Dealing with Extremists
Decision Making Delay
Dehumanization
Delegitimization
Democracy and Conflict Management
Democratization
Designing New Dispute Resolution Systems
Destructive Escalation
Development Interventions and Conflict
Development and Conflict
Development and Conflict In Practice: People Interviewed
Development and Conflict Theory
Development, Education and Conflict
Development, Gender and Conflict
Development, Health and Conflict
Development, Poverty and Conflict
Development, the Environment and Conflict
Dialogue
Diplomacy
Disarmament
Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration of Ex-Combatants
Disputants
Distinguishing Facts from Values
Distributive Bargaining
Distributive Justice
Distrust
Drama in Conflict Resolution
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E
Early Warning
Educators
Effects of Colonization
Election Monitoring
Elections
Elicitive Training
Elites
Emotions
Empathic Listening
Empowerment
Enemy Images
Enforcement Mechanisms
Entrapment
Envisioning
Equalizers
Escalation and Institutionalization Stages
Escalation and Related Processes
Escalation-Limiting Language
Establishment of Personal Relationships
Ethos of Conflict
Evaluation and Assessment of Interventions
Evaluation as a Tool for Reflection
Exchange Power
External Supporters
Extremists or Spoilers
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F
Face
Facilitation
Facilitators
Fact Frames
Fact-Finding
Factors Shaping the Course of Intractable Conflict
Factual Disputes
Failed Peacemaking Efforts Stage
Fear
Focusing on Commonalities
Formal Intermediaries
Formative Evaluation
Forms of Oppression
Frames, Framing, and Reframing
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G
Game Theory
Genocide
Global Partnerships and Development
Globalization
Grassroots Actors
Grassroots Process Design
Grievance Procedures
Ground Rules
Guilt and Shame
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H
Healers
High-Stakes Distributional Issues
Historical Facts
Human Rights Protection
Human Rights Violations
Humanitarian Aid and Development Assistance
Humanization
Humanization of Extremists
Humanizing Extremists
Humiliation
Hurting Stalemate Stage
Hybrid Processes
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I
I-Messages and You-Messages
Identity Frames
Identity Issues
Important Skills for Humanitarian Professionals Working in a Contemporary Conflict Environment
Incentives
Incrementalism
Informal Intermediaries
Insider-Partial Mediation
Integrative Power
Integrative or Interest-Based Bargaining
Interests
Interests, Positions, Needs and Values
Interests, Rights, Power and Needs Frames
Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)
Intermediaries
International Law
International Mediation and Intractable Conflict
International Regimes
International War Crimes Tribunals
Interpersonal / Small-Scale Communication
Interpersonal Conflict and Violence
Intervention Coordination
Intervention Processes
Into-the-Sea Framing
Intractable Conflict
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J
Joint Fact-Finding
Joint Projects
Jus ad Bellum
Jus in Bello
Justice Conflicts
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L
Land and Property Rights in the Peace Process
Large-Scale Communication
Latent Conflict Stage
Leaders and Leadership
Legal Facts
Legitimacy
Levels of Action
Limiting Escalation / De-escalation
Limits of Rationality
Lustration
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M
Maintaining Oppression
Managing Interpersonal Trust and Distrust
Mass Media
Media Strategies
Mediating Evil, War, and Terrorism: The Politics of Conflict
Mediation
Mediation and Multiculturalism
Mediators
Mediators Without Borders: A Proposal to Resolve Political Conflicts
Meta-Conflict Resolution
Metaphors
Midlevel Actors
Military Force Restructuring
Military Intervention
Misunderstandings
Mobilization Slowing
Moderates
Monitoring of Agreements
Moral or Value Conflicts
Multi-Track Diplomacy
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N
Narratives and Story-Telling
Nation Building
Nationalism
Nature of Intractability
Negotiation
Negotiation Stage
Negotiation Strategies
Negotiation Theory
Networking
Neutral Fact-Finding
Neutrality
Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)
Nonviolence and Nonviolent Direct Action
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O
Obtaining Trustworthy Information
Oppression and Conflict: Introduction
Option Identification
Overcoming Oppression through Persuasion
Overcoming Oppression with Power
Overcoming Oppression: Awakening the Sense of Injustice
Oversight / Review Committee
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P
Peace Agreements
Peace Education
Peace Processes
Peacebuilding
Peacebuilding and Reconciliation Stage
Peaceful Change Strategies
Peacekeepers
Peacekeeping
Peacemaking
People Involved (Parties)
Persuasion
Polarization
Policy Dialogue
Political Communication
Positional Bargaining
Positive-Sum / Zero-Sum / Negative-Sum Situations
Post-Colonialism (The Aftermath of Colonization)
Power
Power Inequities
Power Sharing
Prejudice
Preventing Interpersonal Violence
Preventive Diplomacy and International Violence Prevention
Principles of Justice and Fairness
Problem-Solving Mediation
Problem-Solving Workshops
Procedural Components of Peace Agreements
Procedural Justice
Process Frames
Propaganda
Protective Accompaniment
Providers
Psychological Dynamics
Public Diplomacy
Public Participation
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R
Reality Testing
Recognition
Reconciliation
Reconstruction
Referees
Reframing
Refugees
Relationships Damaged / Destroyed
Religion and Conflict
Religion and Peace
Respect
Restorative Justice
Retributive Justice
Revenge and the Backlash Effect
Rich / Poor Conflicts
Rights
Ripeness
Ripeness-Promoting Strategies
Rituals and Conflict Transformation
Rule of Law
Rumor Control
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S
Safe Havens
Sanctions
Scapegoating
Security
Security Guarantees
Self-Determination Procedures
Sequencing Strategies and Tactics
Setting Goals
Settlement Stage
Settlement, Resolution, Management, or Transformation
Shuttle Diplomacy
Siege Mentality
Single-Text Negotiation
Small Arms Trade
Social Movements
Social Psychological Dimensions of Conflict
Social Status
Social Structural Change
Sovereignty
Special Affinities and Conflict Resolution: West African Social Institutions and Mediation
Stabilization and the Problem of Insurgency
Stable Peace
Stakeholder Representatives
Stereotypes / Characterization Frames
Structural Components of Peace Agreements
Suicide Bombers
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T
Technical Facts
Terrorism
The Culture of Mediation: Settlement Vs. Resolution
The Nature and Origins of Oppression
The Scale-Up Problem
The Transformation of Labor-Management Conflicts
Theories of Change
Theories of Knowledge
Third Siders
Tolerance
Track I - Track II Cooperation
Track I Diplomacy
Track II (Citizen) Diplomacy
Transformative Mediation
Trauma Healing
Trust and Trust Building
Trust in Mediation
Truth Commissions
Types of Justice
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U
Uncertainty
Underlying Causes of Intractable Conflict
Unmet Human Needs
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V
Victimhood
Violence--Overview
Voice
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W
War
War Crimes
What are Intractable Conflicts?
Win-Win / Win-Lose / Lose-Lose Situations
Within-Party Differences
Witnesses
Women and Intractable Conflict
Worst-Case / Loss-Oriented Frames
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Z
Zone of Possible Agreement (ZOPA)
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Peace is not the absence of conflict but the presence of creative alternatives for responding to conflict -- alternatives to passive or aggressive responses, alternatives to violence. -- Dorothy Thompson

Featured Links
Organizations Making Noteworthy Contributions to Efforts to Promote More Constructive Conflict

Ctr. of Excellence in Disaster Mngt. and Humanitar

Center of Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance

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Beyond Intractability

A User's Guide for Third Siders

A User's Guide for Third Siders
The Third Side concept was developed by William Ury. Third Siders are people who try to see both sides of a conflict and encourage cooperative solutions, fair fights, and decision making that advocates solutions which meet everyone's interests and needs as much as possible.

Nobel Peace Prize Winners

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev
Former President of the USSR, and 1990 Nobel Peace Laureate

Beyond Intractability Version IV
Copyright © 2003-2007 The Beyond Intractability Project
Beyond Intractability is a Registered Trademark of the University of Colorado
Project Acknowledgements

The Beyond Intractability Knowledge Base Project
Guy Burgess and Heidi Burgess, Co-Directors and Editors
c/o Conflict Information Consortium (Formerly Conflict Research Consortium), University of Colorado
Campus Box 580, Boulder, CO 80309
Phone: (303) 492-1635; Fax: (303) 492-2154; Contact

University of Colorado at Boulder