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Send by emailCountering Intractability: Additional Resources
These references supplement the Knowledge Base Essay, Countering Intractability.
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Additional Explanations of the Underlying Concepts: Offline (Print) Sources Northrup, Terrell A., Stuart J. Thorson and Louis Kriesberg, eds. Intractable Conflicts and their Transformations. New York: Syracuse University Press, 1989. The editors bring together essays from a number of authors who explore intractability through diverse theoretical frameworks and case histories. In all of these essays, intractable conflicts are seen as resisting resolution, but are not considered "unresolvable." Primary Link Examples Illustrating this Topic: Offline (Print) Sources Crocker, Chester A., Fen Osler Hampson and Pamela Aall, eds. Grasping the Nettle: Analyzing Cases of Intractable Conflict. Washington, DC: USIP Press. The first part of this eye-opening volume identifies and analyzes the defining characteristics and underlying dynamics of intractable conflicts. The second part turns the spotlight on no fewer than eight current cases, in each instance chronicling the conflict's evolution, evaluating the internal and external factors that have conspired to prevent a settlement, and assessing whether past peacemaking initiatives have in fact only aggravated the conflict. The conclusion makes the point that even intractable conflicts eventually end and highlights the strategic approaches and tactical steps that have yielded success in the past for mediators and conflict managers from governments, international organizations, and NGOs. - USIP Zartman, I. William. "Negotiating Internal Conflict: Incentives and Intractability." International Negotiation: A Journal of Theory and Practice 6:3, 2001. "Internal wars occupy the largest sub-category of intractable conflicts (the other large sub-category being enduring rivalries between pairs of states). Among these long-lasting civil wars, South Africa (1952-90), Mozambique (1974-92), Mali (1962-94), and Tajikistan (1991-97) provide cases of intractable conflicts that were apparently resolved, whereas Cyprus (since 1955), Colombia (since 1964), and Sri Lanka (since 1983) furnish prominent examples of repeated attempts and failures at conflict management. Notably, Cyprus and Sri Lanka entered into new rounds of negotiations in 2002, just as Colombia appeared to be leaving its latest round empty-handed. Comparisons between the two sets of cases can provide useful insights into the conditions for dealing with intractability, and possibly even timely commentaries on the chances of the ongoing negotiations." On-line abstract, available at http://interneg.org/interneg/reference/journals/in/volumes/6/3/abstracts.html Kriesberg, Louis. "Transforming Conflicts in the Middle East and Central Europe ." In Intractable Conflicts and Their Transformation. Edited by Northrup, Terrell A., Stuart J. Thorson and Louis Kriesberg, eds. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1989. The author describes efforts directed at prevention of two case studies' intractability as well as those that encouraged their transformation toward becoming more negotiable. According to Kriesberg, for transformation to happen, a strategy should be developed that incorporates "the appropriate parties, issues, and combination of inducements for the desired movement at a particular time". Primary Link [Backup Link] »
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